Finding Manan A Memoir Of A Cuban Exodus Essay - 1850 Words

From April 15 to October 31 in 1980, over 125,000 Cuban migrants arrived in the United States. Family members from America ferried relatives and institutionalized Cubans from the Cuban port of Mariel, in what was soon coined the Mariel Boatlift. Mirta Ojito, one of these ‘Marielitos’, as they soon were termed, grew up to write â€Å"Finding Maà ±ana: A Memoir of a Cuban Exodus†. In this text, the author provides a historic account of events leading up to the Mariel Boatlift, narratives from important figures surrounding the event, and a personal narrative describing the struggle of her family to gain freedom from the socialist dictatorship of Fidel Castro. Throughout the story of the years preceding the boatlift and the influence that living in Cuba held on her life, Ojito describes the positive and negative elements of the both the political climate and personal life on the communist island which led to her eventual emigration to the United States. The choice made by the author and her family to leave Cuba stems from the many negative aspects of life due to the communist revolution. Many of the reasons for Mirta’s family to seek emigration arose from the harmful political impact that the rise of Fidel Castro created, which propagated to adversely affect their personal lives. Ojito mentions the opinion about island politics which her parents held as early as the prologue. Her parents never believed, even before Fidel’s rise, that â€Å"A thirty-three-year-old in dirty fatigues and a

Two Viewpoints Dealing with the Interpretation of...

There generally are two viewpoints that exist when dealing with the interpretation of mythology in present day. The first, that mythology is a good thing, that it spreads culture and that the belief that they were created to comfort the ignorant is completely false. The other, which myths, while having their uses, have no place in a modern society such as the one we live in. I personally believe in the latter. I will explain my beliefs by first explaining why myths came about in the first place, and why we do not need myths anymore to accomplish those goals. A well-accepted hypothesis is that myths came up as a source of explanation for when there is no explanation available and, as people fear the unknown, myths came up to explain these uncertainties away. However, in the age of modern science, most everything in the universe can now be explained. Spiders don’t weave webs because a temperamental goddess was angry at a weaver, they do so to capture prey and eat them. Many counter this argument by saying the actual, scientific explanations are often cold and uninteresting in comparison to the stories that could have been drummed up in their stead, but I steadfastly disagree. Once one starts to understand that the unknown world is greater than what the human mind could possibly understand and comprehend, once one starts truly hearing the rhythm of the world, it is then when the truth becomes more interesting than fiction. To cover up these unknowns with tales of fantasy isShow MoreRelated Why Creationism Should Not Be Taught in Public Schools Essays1921 Words   |  8 Pagescurriculum in schools. Despite an overwhelming number of individuals in favor of teaching creationism in public education, science classes should refrain from becoming a discussion of religious belief. 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Data Warehouses, Decision Support and Data Mining free essay sample

This paper provides an overview of data warehousing and OLAP technologies by using back end tools for extracting, cleaning and loading data into a data warehouse; multidimensional data models typical of OLAP; front end client tools for querying and data analysis; server extensions for efficient query processing, with an emphasis on Applications for Data Warehouses such as Decision Support Systems (DSS), On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) and Data Mining to deliver advanced capabilities. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Data Warehousing Architecture and End-to-End Process 3. Decision support Back End Tools and Utilities 4. Conceptual Model and Front End Tools 5. OLTP Database Design Methodology 6. Data Mining a. Goals of Data Mining b. Data Mining Applications c. Standard data mining process d. CRISP-Data Mining process 7. Phases in the DM Process: CRISP-DM 8. Conclusion 9. References Chapter 1 Introduction Data warehousing is a collection of decision support technologies, aimed at enabling the knowledge workers such as executive, manager, analysts to make better and faster decisions. Data warehousing technologies have been successfully deployed in many industries such as manufacturing for order shipment and customer support, retail for user profiling and inventory management, financial services for claims analysis, risk analysis, credit card analysis, and fraud detection, transportation (for fleet management), telecommunications (for call analysis and fraud detection), utilities (for power usage analysis), and healthcare (for outcomes analysis). This paper presents a roadmap of data warehousing technologies, focusing on the special requirements that data warehouses place on database management systems (DBMSs). A data warehouse is a â€Å"subject-oriented, integrated, time- varying, non-volatile collection of data that is used primarily in organizational decision making. † Typically, the data warehouse is maintained separately from the organization’s operational databases. There are many reasons for doing this. The data warehouse supports on-line analytical processing (OLAP), the functional and performance requirements of which are quite different from those of the on-line transaction processing (OLTP) applications traditionally supported by the operational databases . OLTP applications typically automate clerical data processing tasks such as order entry and banking transactions that are essential day-to-day operations of an organization. These tasks are structured and repetitive, and consist of short, atomic, isolated transactions. The transactions require detailed, up-to-date data, and read or update a few (tens of) records accessed typically on their primary keys. The size of Operational databases ranges from hundreds of megabytes to gigabytes in size. Consistency and recoverability of the database are critical, and maximizing transaction throughput is the key performance metric. Consequently, the database is designed to reflect the operational semantics of known applications, and, in particular, to minimize concurrency conflicts. Data warehouses, in contrast, are targeted for decision support. Historical, summarized and consolidated data is more important than detailed, individual records. Since data warehouses contain consolidated data, perhaps from several operational databases, over potentially long periods of time, they tend to be orders of magnitude larger than operational databases; enterprise data warehouses are projected to be hundreds of gigabytes to terabytes in size. The workloads are query intensive with mostly ad hoc, complex queries that can access millions of records and perform a lot of scans, joins, and aggregates. Query throughput and response times are more important than transaction throughput. To facilitate complex analyses and visualization, the data in a warehouse is typically modeled multidimensionally. For example, in a sales data warehouse, time of sale, sales district, salesperson, and product might be some of the dimensions of interest. Often, these dimensions are hierarchical; time of sale may be organized as a day-month-quarter-year hierarchy, product as a product-category-industry hierarchy. Many organizations want to implement an integrated enterprise warehouse that collects information about all subjects (e. g. , customers, products, sales, assets, personnel) spanning the whole organization. However, building an enterprise warehouse is a long and complex process, requiring extensive business modeling, and may take many years to succeed. Some organizations re settling for data marts instead, which are departmental subsets focused on selected subjects (e. g. , a marketing data mart may include customer, product, and sales information). These data marts enable faster roll out, since they do not require enterprise-wide consensus, but they may lead to complex integration problems in the long run, if a complete business model is not developed. Data Mining may be viewed as automated search procedures for discovering c redible and actionable insights from large volumes of high dimensional data. Often, there is emphasis upon symbolic learning and modeling methods (i. . techniques that produce interpretable results), and data management methods (for providing scalable techniques for large data volumes). Data Mining employs techniques from statistics, pattern recognition, and machine learning. Many of these methods are also frequently used in vision, speech recognition, image processing, handwriting recognition, and natural language understanding. However, the issues of scalability and automated business intelligence solutions drive much of and differentiate data mining from the other applications of machine learning and statistical modeling. Chapter2 Data Warehousing Architecture and End-to-End Process Figure 1. Data Warehousing Architecture It includes tools for extracting data from multiple operational databases and external sources; for cleaning, transforming and integrating this data; for loading data into the data warehouse; and for periodically refreshing the warehouse to reflect updates at the sources and to purge data from the warehouse, perhaps onto slower archival storage. In addition to the main warehouse, there may be several departmental data marts. Data in the warehouse and data marts is stored and managed by one or more warehouse servers, which present multidimensional views of data to a variety of front end tools: query tools, report writers, analysis tools, and data mining tools. Finally, there is a repository for storing and managing metadata,and tools formonitoring and administering the warehousing system. The warehouse may be distributed for load balancing, scalability, and higher availability. In such a distributed architecture, the metadata repository is usually replicated with each fragment of the warehouse, and the entire warehouse is administeredcentrally. Analternative architecture, implemented for expediency when it may be too expensive to construct a single logically integrated enterprise warehouse, is a federation of warehouses or data marts, each with its own repository and decentralized administration. Chapter 3 Decision support Back End Tools and Utilities Data warehousing systems use a variety of data extraction and cleaning tools, and load and refresh utilities for populating warehouses. Data extraction from â€Å"foreign† sources is usually implemented via gateways and standard interfaces (such as Information Builders EDA/SQL, ODBC, Oracle Open Connect, Sybase Enterprise Connect, Informix Enterprise Gateway). Data Cleaning Since a data warehouse is used for decision making, it is important that the data in the warehouse be correct. However, since large volumes of data from multiple sources are involved, there is a high probability of errors and anomalies in the data.. Therefore, tools that help to detect data anomalies and correct them can have a high payoff. Some examples where data cleaning becomes necessary are: inconsistentfield lengths, inconsistentdescriptions, inconsistent value assignments, missing entries and violation of integrity constraints. Not surprisingly, optional fields in data entry forms are significant sources of inconsistent data. Load After extracting, cleaning and transforming, data must be loaded into the warehouse. Additional preprocessing may still erequired:checkingintegrityconstraints;sorting; summarization, aggregation and other computation to build the derived tables stored in the warehouse; building indices and other access paths; and partitioning to multiple target storage areas. Typically, batch load utilities are used for this purpose. In addition to populating the warehouse, a load utility must allow the system administrator to monitor status, to cancel, suspend and resume a load, and to restart after failure wit h no loss of data integrity. The load utilities for data warehouses have to deal with much larger data volumes than for operational databases. There is only a small time window (usually at night) when the warehouse can be taken offline to refresh it. Sequential loads can take a very long time, e. g. , loading a terabyte of data can take weeks and months! Hence, pipelined and partitioned parallelism are typically exploited . Doing a full load has the advantage that it can be treated as a long batch transaction that builds up a new database. While it is in progress, the current database can still support queries; when the load transaction commits, the current database is replaced with the new one. Using periodic checkpoints ensures that if a failure occurs during the load, the process can restart from the last checkpoint. Refresh Refreshing a warehouse consists in propagating updates on source data to correspondingly update the base data and derived data stored in the warehouse. There are two sets of issues to consider: when to refresh, and how to refresh. Usually, the warehouse is refreshed periodically (e. g. , daily or weekly). Only if some OLAP queries need current data (e. g. , up to the minute stock quotes), is it necessary to propagate every update. The refresh policy is set by the warehouse administrator, depending on user needs and traffic, and may be different for different sources. Refresh techniques may also depend on the characteristics of the source and the capabilities of the database servers. Extracting an entire source file or database is usually too expensive, but may be the only choice for legacy data sources. Most contemporary database systems provide replication servers that support incremental techniques for propagating updates from a primary database to one or more replicas. Such replicationservers can be usedto incrementally refresh a warehouse when the sources change. There are two basic replication techniques: data shipping and transaction shipping. In data shipping (e. g. , used in the Oracle Replication Server, Praxis OmniReplicator), a table in the warehouse is treated as a remote snapshot of a table in the source database. After_row triggers are used to update a snapshot log table whenever the source table changes; and an automatic refresh schedule (or a manual refresh procedure) is then set up to propagate the updated data to the remote snapshot. In transaction shipping (e. g. , used in the Sybase Replication Server and Microsoft SQL Server), the regular transaction log is used, instead of triggers and a special snapshot log table. At the source site, the transaction log is sniffed to detect updates on replicated tables, and those log records are transferred to a replication server, which packages up the corresponding transactions to update the replicas. Transaction shipping has the advantage that it does not require triggers, which can increase the workload on the operational source databases. However, it cannot always be used easily across DBMSs from different vendors, because there are no standard APIs for accessing the transaction log. Such replication servers have been used for refreshing data warehouses. However, the refresh cycles have to be properly chosen so that the volume of data does not overwhelm the incremental load utility. In addition to propagating changes to the base data in the warehouse, the derived data also has to be updated correspondingly. The problem of constructing logically correct updates for incrementally updating derived data (materialized views) has been the subject of much research . For data warehousing, the most significant classes of derived data are summary tables, single-table indices and join indices. Chapter 4 Conceptual Model and Front End Tools A popular conceptual model that influences the front-end tools, database design, and the query engines for OLAP is the multidimensional view of data in the warehouse. In a multidimensional data model, there is a set of numeric measures that are the objects of analysis. Examples of such measures are sales, budget, revenue, inventory, ROI (return on investment). Each of the numeric measures depends on a set of dimensions, which provide the context for the measure. For example, the dimensions associated with a sale amount can be the city, product name, and the date when the sale was made. The dimensions together are assumed to uniquely determine the measure. Thus, the multi-dimensional data views a measure as a value in the multidimensional space of dimensions. Each dimension is described by a set of attributes. For example, the Product dimension may consist of four attributes: the category and the industry of the product, year of its introduction, and the average profit margin. Figure2 Another distinctive feature of the conceptual model for OLAP is its stress on aggregation of measures by one or more dimensions as one of the key operations; e. g. , computing and ranking the total sales by each county (or by each year). Other popular operations include comparing two measures (e. g. , sales and budget) aggregated by the same dimensions. Time is a dimension that is of particular significance to decision support (e. g. , trend analysis). Often, it is desirable to have built-in knowledge of calendars and other aspects of the time dimension. Front End Tools The multidimensional data model grew out of the view of business data popularized by PC spreadsheet programs that were extensively used by business analysts. The spreadsheet is still the most compelling front-end application for OLAP. The challenge in supporting a query environment for OLAP can be crudely summarized as that of supporting spreadsheet operations efficiently over large multi-gigabyte databases. One of the popular operations that aresupportedbythemultidimensional spreadsheet application is pivoting. Consider the multidimensional schema of Figure 2 represented in a spreadsheet where each row corresponds to a sale . Let there be one column for each dimension and an extra column that represents the amount of sale. The simplest view of pivoting is that it selects two dimensions that are used to aggregate a measure, e. g. , sales in the above example. The aggregated values are often displayed in a grid where each value in the (x,y) coordinate corresponds to the aggregated value of the measure when the first dimension has the value x and the second dimension has the value y. Thus, in our example, if the selected dimensions are city and year, then the x-axis may represent all values of city and the y-axis may represent the years. The point (x,y) will represent the aggregated sales for city x in the year y. Thus, what were values in the original spreadsheets have now become row and column headers in the pivoted spreadsheet. Other operators related to pivoting are rollup or drill-down. Rollup corresponds to taking the current data object and doing a further group-by on one of the dimensions. Thus, it is possible to roll-up the sales data, perhaps already aggregated on city, additionally by product.

Smoking Culture in Society

Smoking culture refers to the practice of smoking tobacco by people in the society for the sheer satisfaction and delight it offers (Matsumoto Juang 31). Smoking is an activity that is practiced by both men and women within different societies. The smoking activity is aimed at achieving the â€Å"good feeling† that results from stimulation by nicotine.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Culture in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The smokers do not have a bad agenda behind the smoking. Smoking culture is distinct from the common â€Å"bad boy† smoking habit in that in the latter, people smoke so as to feel confident whenever they want to go against the accepted behavioral codes of the society, by creating a false feeling of being tough and able (White 45). In smoking culture, people simply smoke for the elegance of the act. Smoking culture is a preferred and generally accepted cultural pattern within the population, which is widely spread among the members of that society (Danesi 166). The smoking culture is widely accepted and embraced in the society because of the various benefits it offers to that society. This paper is therefore an in-depth analysis of the smoking culture as an example of pop-culture by looking at the way it has found its way in the society. Further, in the paper the benefits as well as the impacts of smoking culture will also be discussed among other issues related to the smoking culture. The smoked tobacco comes in two similar, yet broadly different forms, which are cigars and cigarettes. A pipe is used by so-called â€Å"gentlemen† as a tool to facilitate the smoking. Cigars are different from cigarettes. A cigar refers to a roll of dried and well-fermented whole tobacco leaves while a cigarette is made by wrapping finely cut tobacco leaves, generally referred to as the tobacco powder. The cigarettes are further classified into thre e main categories, including filtered, non-filtered, and electronic cigarettes. A cigar holds more appeal to those seeking bigger esteem and a ‘classy’ feeling about themselves. The smoking culture finds its ways to the roots of the society through various ways. The main channel through which smoking culture spreads throughout the society is by direct observation and imitation (Hilton, 121). Since this culture has been an accepted pattern in the lifestyle of the society, the current generation copies the habit from the preceding one.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The copying and imitating is repeated by every generation and thus the act becomes fully integrated in that society’s set up. The onset of the internet has also increased the means of spreading this culture from one generation to another. The younger generation is exposed to materials that contain images and videos of people who smoke (Shechter 102). Therefore, it becomes easier for them to learn these habits from other people all over the world. Smoking culture is healthy among those who do it responsibly (Rafferty Mann 141). The nicotine found in the cigarette smoke gives the smokers a feeling of stimulation. The stimulation causes blood to circulate at a faster rate and pressure, which leads to a feeling of being awake and active. This feeling can be helpful in making appropriate decisions when faced with a dilemma. In addition, smoking causes a feeling of relaxation and comfort hence reducing depression. In other societies such AS among the Indians, pipe smoking is a way of showing ‘class’ and ability in terms of wealth. It is therefore a unique act used by the rich people to distinguish themselves from the crowd (Matsumoto Juang164). Smoking culture provides a complementary item that is used to create a feeling of satisfaction when taken with other foods and beverages. The cigar, for instance, goes very well with wines and spirits for those who drink. It also matches very well with the non-alcoholic coffee such as Nescafe, when the two are taken together. Smoking therefore makes meals more enjoyable and improves the taste of food. According to Fedorak, a cigar like Cohiba Esplendido is usually a â€Å"great smoke† after a meal of roast meat (Hilton 212). Smoking has its health benefits. Although it has been scientifically proven that cigarette smoke causes cancer when poorly taken, the cigarette smoke can also be used to prevent or cure some fatal diseases. It is a proven fact that cigarette smoke repels insects, and thus when used, it lowers the risk of contracting common fatal diseases caused by the insects.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Culture in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the cigarette smoke repels the Nile West worm, which causes the Stichis Encephatiasis disease (Rafferty Mann 118). Furthermore, the nicotine found in tobacco causes a feeling of relaxation and consequently helps to lower high blood pressure. Cigarette smoking therefore reduces the risk of developing health problems such as heart attack and stroke. Smoking is used as a way of recreation during leisure time. This can be done at individual or group levels. The act of smoking helps the smokers to utilize their free time. Therefore, the engagement in smoking prevents the smokers from doing other destructive activities. Statistics show that the act of smoking helps to reduce excessive energy. The engagement and physical activity consumes some energy while the cigarette smoke burns excessive fats in the body (Hilton 89). Smoking culture is also a source of income for the government. According to statistics, the New York state has the highest cigarette taxes in the US, and thus the populous state provides a good avenue for collec ting a measurable amount of taxes. In most countries, the tax rates on tobacco products are ever reviewed upwards, and this does not affect the demand. The funds collected as tax are then used by the government to finance important public projects such as improvement of infrastructure. According to economists, the smoking industry is very important in soaking up the excessive wealth from individuals. The smokers spend their income in a â€Å"Pyramid† pattern (Rafferty Mann 305). The excessive wealth spend on purchasing the cigars and cigarettes forms part of the taxes levied by the government on tobacco products. The smoking industry is therefore a necessary medium through which the government distributes wealth amongst the citizens. Similarly, the smoking industry provides employment and income for its workers. Wages and profits are essential elements in any economic set up in boosting the GDP.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to a research done by Philip Morris about the lighter side of smoking in the Czech Republic, early deaths of smokers helps the government reduce the burden of providing them with care and essential services in their later years of life (Deflem 114). The smoking culture is also important in building the culture of a society. It is tied to other forms of art such as in music, movies, and literature as a cultural attribute. As early as the 9th century, paintings of early arts of smoking were depicted in the Mayan pottery (Rabin Sugarman 198). Rulers or deities were depicted while smoking. The pipe smoking which was common in the 19th century was a symbol of power, wealth, and authority. The pipe was a sign for calmness and thoughtfulness while the cigarette symbolized youthfulness and modernity. In the movie industry, frequent smoking was used to depict the characters mystique sensation. The super heroes are portrayed to attain what seems impossible with cigarettes in their hands. The smoking culture therefore is essential in building up the overall culture of a society. In the modern society, smoking has penetrated and become prevalent among the younger generation of most countries. There is a feeling among the young generation that smoking bestows their life’s certain importance, and it is a rich source of recreation in times of dilemma (Danesi, 52). The younger generation has developed a belief that smoking builds confidence in them, and thus enables them to do â€Å"mighty† things, which could have otherwise been impossible. This high level of confidence increases productivity among the younger generation. Smoking is also important in creating and strengthening the social bonds between members of a society and between other societies (Deflem 224). The smoking groups generally make up well-bound units of the society. There is increased interactions amongst the members of the society through group smoking activities, and as the members borrow and exchange cigars and cigarettes among themselves. This has an effect of creating and maintaining friendly relationships among the individual members. In addition, the smoking activities can be taken as recreation events, which provide good grounds for social interactions. As a result, the unity in the society is boosted. The smokers have a common unifying object, which they claim to collectively own: the cigarette. As mentioned earlier, smoking can lead to fatal health diseases such as cancer. There are several types of cancers can develop from the inhaled cigarette smoke such as lung cancer, mouth cancer as well as cancer of the throat (Rafferty Mann 256). However, responsible smoking can help the smokers to evade these fatal illnesses. According to the cancer organization, a social smoker who does not more than five cigarettes a week, or not more than one cigar a day, and he or she does not inhale the smoke, has very little exposure to the health risk. Since the smoke i s not inhaled, it does not reach the delicate lung tissues, and therefore the individual becomes less susceptible to the mostly common lung cancer. As noted above, careless smoking can lead to serious health hazards. It can lead to illnesses such as coronary heart disease, lung cancer, mouth cancer, and severe problems regarding throat, bladder, kidney, and pancreas, which can become very severe until there is no cure. However, controlled smoking can greatly reduce the risk of developing these health problems to nearly zero. First, the smokers should not inhale the cigarette smoke. They should also try to avoid the unfiltered cigarettes, which directly allow passage of harmful chemical substances from the cigarette. The government should also formulate and enforce laws that govern the smoking industry (Rabin Sugarman 154). The smoking culture is therefore a very important element in every society (Hilton 321). It has several advantages as discussed above. It is a source of satisfac tion and gives the smokers a â€Å"classy† feeling. It is also of paramount importance in making improving the tastes of some foods such as roast meat and beverages such wines and spirits. The smoking culture is essential in forming some basic society units of smokers, and therefore serves to create new bonds and strengthen existing ones among the members of the society. However, careless smoking can lead to fatal health problems, which can eventually lead to deaths as pointed out. It is therefore upon the smokers to control their smoking habits so as to enjoy the â€Å"good† feeling achieved while smoking (Rabin Sugarman 97). The youth should also be provided with adequate information to monitor their smoking habits, rather than letting them smoke secretly and blindly. This way, the society will be composed with people who smoke responsibly without bringing about any harm to the society. Works Cited Danesi, Marcel. Popular Culture: Introductory Perspectives. Lanham, Md: Rowman Littlefield, 2008. Print. Deflem, Mathieu. Popular Culture, Crime and Social Control. Bingley: Emerald, 2010. Print. Hilton, Mathew. Smoking in British popular culture, 1800-2000: Perfect pleasures. New York: Manchester University Press, 2000. Print. Matsumoto, David, Juang, Patrick. Culture and psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2013. Print. Rabin, Rose, Sugarman, Stephen. Smoking policy: Law, politics, and culture. Oxford: Oxford university press, 1993. Print. Rafferty, Smith, Mann, Raphael. Smoking and culture: The archaeology of tobacco pipes in eastern north America. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee press, 2004. Print. Shechter, Richard. Smoking, culture and economy in the Middle East: The Egyptian tobacco market 1850-2000. London: Tauris, 2006. Print. White, Davis, Billings, John. The well-crafted argument: A guide and reader. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. This essay on Smoking Culture in Society was written and submitted by user Braelynn Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Urban Legend About Drugs Smuggled in a Dead Baby

The Urban Legend About Drugs Smuggled in a Dead Baby This urban legend is also known as The Stuffed Baby story. It has appeared in books and online websites many times. Generally, the text of the story reads something like the following: A woman and her 4-year-old son are visiting a border town on the Mexican side of the Texas/Mexico border. As they are walking towards the border crossing to return to the U.S., a man runs up to her and takes her child. She immediately runs to the authorities and a search ensues. The lady and the authorities begin walking among the cars, looking for her son. The woman spots her child in a truck a couple of rows over. Her son is laying his head on the shoulder of a man and appears to be sleeping. As the authorities close in on the vehicle, the driver jumps out of line and makes a run for it. As they are driving off, the passenger opens his door and dumps the child out into the street. As the woman and the authorities reach the child they find, to their horror, that the child has not only been murdered but has been cut open and illegal drugs have been put inside his body. It appears that the persons in the vehicle were drug smugglers and had decided to kidnap a child, kill them and place the drugs in the body. They would then hold the child as they approached the border and the border agents would think that the child was quietly sleeping on the shoulder of the passenger. Another Version Another version of the story circulated the internet in the late 90s. The text of the email/forum post is similar to this story: My sisters co-worker has a sister in Texas, who with her husband was planning a weekend trip across the Mexican border for a shopping spree. At the last minute, their baby sitter canceled, so they had to bring along their two-year-old son with them. They had been across the border for about an hour when the baby got free and ran around the corner. The mother went chasing, but the boy had disappeared. The mother found a police officer who told her to go to the gate and wait. Not really understanding the instructions, she did as she was instructed. About 45 minutes later, a man approached the border carrying the boy. The mother ran to him, grateful that he had been found. When the man realized it was the boys mother, he dropped the boy and ran himself. The police were waiting for him and got him. The boy was dead. In the 45 minutes he was missing, he was cut open, ALL of his insides removed, and his body cavity was stuffed with COCAINE. The man was going to carry him across the border as if he were asleep. A two-year-old boy, dead, discarded as if he were a piece of trash for somebodys cocaine. If this story can get out and change one persons mind about what drugs mean to them, we are helping. Please send this e-mail to as many people as you can. If you have a home PC send it out there, too. Lets hope and pray it changes a lot of minds. The saddest thing about the whole situation is that those persons who suffer are innocent and people we love. God bless you in this united effort to spread the word. You just might save a life! Its always a treat to see a well-worn urban legend retooled for circulation on the Internet. Such is the case with a familiar horror story dating from the early 1970s claiming that drug smugglers have been known to use the corpses of abducted, murdered children to transport their illegal goods across national borders. The story continues to circulate to this day. In all the decades this grisly legend has been in circulation, no real instances matching the descriptions above have been confirmed or documented. The legend (or the bare bones of it, anyway) got its first mainstream media airing in 1985 when the Washington Post recounted it as factual in a feature about crime problems in Miami. As folklorist Jan Harold Brunvand noted in his mid-80s collection of urban legends The Mexican Pet, the Post quickly found out that the story was untrue and retracted it a week later. The published correction read, in part: In the opening paragraph of an article last Monday on crime in Miami, the Washington Post recounted a story that cannot be substantiated. The story, told to a Post reporter several years ago by a Miami undercover agent, involves the smuggling of cocaine into the United States in the body of a dead baby. Clifton Stallings, a spokesman for the U.S. Customs Service in Miami, said the story has been in circulation for some time. No one at Customs in Miami can verify it. One customs official told the Post he had heard the story as long ago as 1973. As it was told in those days, he said, a suspiciously immobile child was spotted by an attendant on a flight from Colombia to Miami. Customs agents investigated and found that the baby, apparently deceased for some time, had been cut open, stuffed with cocaine, and sewn shut. It was considered a prime example of just how ruthless of international drug traffickers can be. As told on the internet, it has become a much more compelling story. Set just across the U.S.-Mexico border and recounted in true friend of a friend fashion (my sisters co-worker has a sister in Texas, a frequently shared variant begins), the cautionary tale now carries a dual moral message: Drugs are evil, and never let your children out of your sight. Represented as a parents true nightmare, the online version concluded with a prayer that the story would convince people to stop using drugs. The more likely result is that has reinforced many peoples already well-entrenched fears. Sources Brunvand, Jan Harold. Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid: The Book of Scary Urban Legends. Kindle Edition, W.W. Norton Company, March 17, 2014. Brunvan, Jan Harold. The Mexican Pet: More New Urban Legends and Some Old Favorites. Kindle Edition, Reprint edition, W. W. Norton Company, December 20, 2012. Buchanan, Edna. The Corpse Had a Familiar Face. Paperback, Reprint edition, Gallery Books, July 14, 2009. Childs body used for smuggling drugs into the U.S.-Fiction! Truth or Fiction, March 17, 2015. Sadistic_Killer. The Stuffed Baby. Wattpad.

Profile of Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal

Profile of Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal Portugal is a country that has no coast along the Mediterranean Sea, only the Atlantic Ocean, so the countrys advances in worldwide exploration centuries ago may come as no surprise. That said, it was the passion and goals of one man who truly moved Portuguese exploration forward, the man known as Prince Henry the Navigator (1394–1460). Formally, he was Henrique, duque de Viseu, senhor da Covilh. Fast Facts: Prince Henry the Navigator Known For:  He founded an institute for explorers, and people from around the world visited to learn about the latest discoveries in geography and navigation technology.Born:  1394 in Porto, PortugalParents:  King John I of Portugal, Philippa of Lancaster, of EnglandDied:  1460 in Sagres, PortugalSpouse: NoneChildren: None Although Prince Henry never sailed on any of his expeditions and rarely left Portugal, he became known as Prince Henry the Navigator because of his patronage of explorers, who increased the worlds known geographic information through the sharing of knowledge and by sending expeditions to places previously uncharted. Early Life Prince Henry was born in 1394 as the third son of King John I (King Joao I) of Portugal. At the age of 21, in 1415, Prince Henry commanded a military force that captured the Muslim outpost of Ceuta, located on the south side of the Strait of Gibraltar, on the northern tip of the African continent and bordering Morocco. It became Portugals first overseas territory. On this expedition, the prince learned about gold routes and became fascinated with Africa. The Institute at Sagres Three years later, Prince Henry founded his navigational institute at Sagres on the southwestern-most point of Portugal, Cape Saint Vincent- a place ancient geographers referred to as the western edge of the earth. The institute, best described as a 15th-century research and development facility, included libraries, an astronomical observatory, shipbuilding facilities, a chapel, and housing for staff. The institute was designed to teach navigational techniques to Portuguese sailors, to collect and disseminate geographical information about the world, to invent and improve navigational and seafaring equipment, and to sponsor expeditions. Prince Henrys school brought together some of the leading geographers, cartographers, astronomers, and mathematicians from throughout Europe to work at the institute. When people returned from voyages, they brought back with them information about currents, winds- and could improve existing maps and seafaring equipment. A new type of ship, called a caravel, was developed at Sagres. It was fast and was much more maneuverable than prior types of boats, and though they were small, they were quite functional. Two of Christopher Columbus ships, the Nina and the Pinta, were caravels (the Santa Maria was a carrack). Caravels were dispatched south along the western coast of Africa. Unfortunately, a major obstacle along the African route was Cape Bojador, southeast of the Canary Islands (located in Western Sahara). European sailors were afraid of the cape, for supposedly to its south lay monsters and insurmountable evils. It also hosted some challenging seas: tough waves, currents, shallows, and weather. Expeditions: Goals and Reasons Prince Henrys expeditionary goals were to increase navigational knowledge along the western coast of Africa and find a water route to Asia, to increase trade opportunities for Portugal, to find gold to provide the trips own funding, to spread Christianity around the world, and defeat Muslims- and perhaps even to find Prester John, a legendary wealthy priest-king thought to reside somewhere in Africa or Asia. The Mediterranean and other ancient East sea routes were controlled by the Ottoman Turks and Venetians, and the breakup of the Mongol Empire made some known land routes unsafe. Thus came the motivation to find new water routes heading East. Exploring Africa Prince Henry sent 15 expeditions to navigate south of the cape from 1424 to 1434, but each returned with its captain giving excuses and apologies for not having passed the dreaded Cape Bojador. Finally, in 1434 Prince Henry sent Captain Gil Eannes (who had previously attempted the Cape Bojador voyage) south; this time, Captain Eannes sailed to the west prior to reaching the cape and then headed eastward after passing the cape. Thus, none of his crew saw the dreadful cape, and it had been successfully passed, without catastrophe befalling the ship. This was the first European expedition to sail past this point and successfully return. Following the successful navigation south of Cape Bojador, exploration of the African coast continued. In 1441, Prince Henrys caravels reached Cape Blanc (the cape where Mauritania and Western Sahara meet). The expedition brought back some blacks as exhibits of interest to show the prince. One negotiated his and his sons release by promising several slaves upon their safe return home. And so it began. The first 10 slaves arrived in 1442. Then it was 30 in 1443. In 1444, Captain Eannes brought a boatload of 200 slaves back to Portugal. In 1446, Portuguese ships reached the mouth of the Gambia River. They were the first Europeans to sail that, too. In 1460 Prince Henry the Navigator died, but work continued at Sagres under the direction of Henrys nephew, King John II of Portugal. The institutes expeditions continued to venture south, then rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and sailed to the east and throughout Asia over the next few decades. The European Age of Discovery and Its Aftereffects The 100-year period from the mid-15th century to the mid-16th is called the European Age of Discovery or Age of Exploration, when Portugal, Spain, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and France sent out voyages to previously unknown lands and claim their resources for their country. The cheapest labor to work on plantations for crops such as sugar, tobacco, or cotton were slaves, brought on a triangular trade route, one brutal leg of which was known as the middle passage. Countries that are former colonies still suffer the aftereffects today, especially in Africa, where there is poor or inconsistent infrastructure in many areas. Some of the countries just gained their independence in the 20th century. Sources Dowling, Mike. Prince Henry the Navigator. MrDowling.com. https://www.mrdowling.com/609-henry.html.â€Å"Henry the Navigator.†Ã‚  Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 16 Mar. 2018, www.biography.com/people/henry-the-navigator.Henry the Navigator.  Encyclopedia of World Biography.  Encyclopedia.com.  https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/spanish-and-portuguese-history-biographies/henry-navigator.Henry the Navigator Facts. YourDictionary.com. http://biography.yourdictionary.com/henry-the-navigator.History. Sagres.net. Allgarve, Promo Sangres, and Municipia do Bispo. sagres.net/history.htm.Nowell, Charles E., and Felipe Fernandez-Armesto. â€Å"Henry the Navigator.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 12 Nov. 2018, www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-the-Navigator.The Portuguese Role in Exploring and Mapping the New World. Library of Congress. loc.gov/rr/hispanic/portam/role.html.Prince Henry the Navigator. PBS. https://www.pbs.org /wgbh/aia/part1/1p259.html.

MGT WK3 GROUP ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGT WK3 GROUP ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example This task is sub-divided into various duties and responsibilities pertaining to the corporation’s workforce. Stewart and Brown (2010) states that the human resource department usually plays a critical role in the organisation, which reflects on the bottom line of the organisation and it even contributes towards that achievement of the organisation strategic goals and missions. Mathis and Jackson (2010) further ads that the human resource management within an organisation can as well contribute to the competitive advantages of an organisation. In regards to the organising function of Microsoft Corporation’s human resource department it can be stated that the department organizes the workforce of the corporation by first ensuring that at all times the corporation has the right staff at the right place in all of its branches across the world. In this regard Stewart and Brown (2010), states that the department organises the recruitment and selection of best-qualified candidates who will work for the corporation in various capacities and who have the potential to help the corporation in achieving is strategic goals and objectives. Secondly, while organising the human resource of the corporation the department undertakes jobs analysis and descriptions in order to ensure that every member of the staff has a clear role in the corporation and that there is no collusion or replication of roles. Equally, during the job analysis, the department clearly outlines the requirements or qualifications that are required from employees in order to be able to perform certain duties and responsibilities as stipulated (Stewart and Brown, 2010)). According to Mathis and Jackson (2010), the human resource department is also tasked with the mandate of organising how each member of the staff will be compensated and they normally organize this

Knowledge Management is not Achievable in Large Complex Organizations Essay

Knowledge Management is not Achievable in Large Complex Organizations - Essay Example As the report stresses KM is an important issue for international management, yet there is a considerable confusion as to what constitutes organizational knowledge, whether it can be systematically managed and how. Matters related to incorporation of an organizational and technological mechanism so as to facilitate knowledge management in complex organizations need to be resolved. Experts are also of the opinion that Knowledge Management does not belong to one particular area. From the discussion it is clear people from different disciplines are working on it. A number of people have realized the value of measuring intellectual assets, thereby recognizing the importance of knowledge management as a competitive asset. As a result, many companies have considerably invested in knowledge projects, which range from setting up an intranet using team oriented software, mentoring, chalking out personal development plans to information sharing. Some researchers has claimed that at times, the problems for implementation of knowledge management lies in ways in which the processes and systems for knowledge creation are being developed separately without considering the organization’s social systems. Rather than being a process problem, communication and learning issues are more likely due to poor knowledge creation from a new system. The adoption of this tool would be important in protecting intellectual assets and cultural barriers.

Development from Conception to Age 16 Years Essay Example for Free

Development from Conception to Age 16 Years Essay One being the ability to use numerous limbs for example throwing a ball, the other being everyday movements e. g. walking as well as running. Fine motor corresponds; the term describes minor movements that engage smaller muscles to work. This is yet again broken down into two key sections; Fine manipulative skills- the minor movements that are needed when doing puzzles, drawing, painting or writing. Along with fine motor skills- the combination of hand plus wrist actions for e. g. pening a door The combination of hand-eye coordination, Foot-eye coordination and balance are additionally found in both gross and fine motor to help the child develop. Which can be linked to brain development . This is because â€Å"Maturation of the nervous system is linked to brain growth and development. In term of physical development, this growth effects the development of gross and fine motor skills†. (CASHELevel3ChildCareAndEducation/PennyTassoni/pg40)As a child grows with age coordination and balance should become natural given that the brain develops and becomes more intricate. Birth to three years period is a very significant time in the child’s life, during this time they will progress as well as absorb lasting skills. They will learn to develop in many different areas along with numerous milestones they should achieve according to their age. These milestones are set into the gross and fine motor category, examples of the major steps a child from birth to three years should achieve are; †¢lifting up head and chest †¢Sitting up unsupported †¢Crawling †¢self feeding †¢Walk without any help †¢Draw simple dots and shapes †¢Complete a simple puzzle †¢kick a ball Physical development is an on going progress, between the ages of three to seven years movements and activates will become a lot more difficult, compared to the birth to 3 years category. This is because the brain is widening its skills and knowledge. Examples of milestones that are aimed to child from three to seven years are; †¢can ride a tricycle †¢use scissors to cut easy shapes †¢use one foot to hop †¢knows how to right their name †¢can use a skipping rope †¢precisely cut out shapes †¢has good balance for skipping, hopping or jumping Another significant development that I have chosen is language development. The acquisition of language though the gradual expansion in complexity and meaning of symbols and sounds perceived and understood by the individual†( http://www. earlytolearn. com/glossary-of-terms/). This means that language development is not only about speech itself but referrers to the multiple ways to interact along with communic ate. For example listening abilities, the knowledge of reading along with writing, signs and symbols for the hard of hearing, or even the babbling of babies. These are all ways in which children express their emotions, putting across their view as to what they are thinking. Communication is set in many stages it may take a child a generous period of time to use words in which are politically correct. However by communicating with sounds, actions and broken vocabulary mothers or other people close to the child will soon understand what the child is intending. It is also the adults responsibility to correct their children along with educate them in the correct grammar and meanings of words. Language development is set according to age the stages indicate how well a child should communicate depending how old they may be. From the ages of birth to 3 years and 3 to 7 years the expectations of language development becomes more complex. From birth to 3 years a baby will develop continuously, it will start at the pre-linguistic stage, some examples are; †¢Expresses itself by crying †¢Start to make cooling noises †¢Uses the combination of constant and vowels to make sounds †¢ starts making babbling noises †¢Has some meaning to what they are saying †¢Say their first word †¢Often repeats the same word Although children from 3 to 7 years do not develop as far spread a children from birth to 3 years. Their development becomes increasing complex: †¢Increase in words †¢Sentences become longer and clear †¢Still make various grammar mistakes †¢Can socialize with other children their age †¢Often ask the same question multiple times †¢Fluent in the English language but may make a few mistakes along the way For both physical and language development I have incorporated the norm age of stage according to megett. However in some scenarios a child may not exceed in the milestones set according to their age. Evidence behind this may be factors which effect their progression. Examples of factors which may both types of devlopoment are; the child’s genetics or the environment in which they are in. Genetic influence can strongly affect the way in which a child may develop physically. Hereditary genes are passed from our parents, which can have multiple influences on our lives. Some can give us physical traits as to what we look like or the height in which we may grow to. Others can cause serious illnesses. â€Å"Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of many debilitating hereditary diseases that leads to early death (Gelbart et al. , 2002) (Figure 1)† (http://www. learn. ppdictionary. com/physical_development. tm) DMD is a genetic illness which affects a child’s physical achievements. Children with DMD lack in achieving the norms of development, usually resulting in them being wheelchair bound by the late teenage years. Genetic factors may also affect language development. For example a common heritable disorder is dyslexia. Studys sh ow ‘According to a yale study 1 out of 5people suffer from dyslexia’(http://dyslexia. learninginfo. org/dyslexia-facts. htm)Dyslexia restricts the ability to process both written and spoken language, symptoms often include having difficulty with spellings, handwriting as well as reading. Although genetics do play a large part in development, Factors of the environment can also influence the way in which a child grows. For example if a child is living under poor conditions unable to get access to a sustainable amount of food or water it can lead to malnutrition. On the other hand if a child is given too much food along with limited access to exercise they may become obese. Both health conditions can affect how a child physically develops, which can often put them behind the norm stage of development. Language development may also be affected by the environment â€Å"Evans’ research reveals significant reading delays for children living near airports and exposed to airport noise. †( http://www. human. cornell. edu/hd/outreach-extension/upload/evans. pdf). This evidence shows that the constant impact of loud noises can affect a child’s listening abilities along with reading skills. This may be because the child is drowning out the continual loud noise finding it hard to retain certain information, which can put the child behind in their development. One important aspect to remember is each and every child develops at their own pace. For instance one sibling may have walked earlier then another. No one child should become compared to another. If a child is not achieving the specific milestone for their age ,on most occasions the child is categorically fine and should catch up in no time. The affecting factors link to the theoretical debate on nature vs nurture. This debate focuses on the conflicting options within development. One theoretical perspective is that our development is natural because it is determined from the heredity genes transferred from our parents. Another option is that we develop along with learn according to the environment we subsist in, learning from past experiences from how we have been brought up and nurtured. Jean piaget was a famous Swiss theorist who studied psychology along with human intellect. Piaget had an interest in child physiology, resulting in the nurture theory. His intentions were to see the world through the eyes of children to fully understand their thoughts, from this he invented the intelligence test. Piaget observed children asking them undemanding problem questions to then analyses their response plus determine the logic behind the answer. Focusing more in-depth towards the wrong questions. The term ‘schema’ was used to conclude a childs answer. This put forth a theory, Piaget came to think that as children retained new information the schema’s would change, becoming more complex. His research found that children’s answers differed from adults. â€Å"he proposed that children’s limited life experiences meant that they had not amassed enough information about the world to come to the same conclusion as adults†(spotlight, Julie smart, practical pre school august 2012,page21) This shows that piaget believed nurture benefited the way in which children develop. Concluding that children should explore different situations as well as stages within themselves however have a guide to encourage them along the way. This however also links into physical along with communication development. Not only did piaget attempt to comprehend the thought process of children, but also has a theory on the stages in which a children should develop according to age. Piaget mainly focused on cognitive development but also links this between physical and language communication development. His theory consists of four stages; Sensori-motor, Pre-operational,Concrete operations, Formal operations. Two of which link into the mentions developments above. Sensori-motor is the opening stage within piagets theory. He believed this stage acres between the ages of 0-2 years. This phase relates to physical development, for the duration of this stage the child is ought to increase the control over their movements. One of the first movements that should be detected is reflex’s. A baby uses this movement at a very early stage of life in reason to survive. The way in which a baby/child learns to development along with maintain movement is by continually repeating itself until fully corrected. To endorse his theory, piaget invented the ‘object permanence’ test. Research shows that children under 8 months will acknowledge as well as believe the disappearance of an object, this may be because children only concede things which are visible. However between 8 to 9 months the child should recognized that the object is somewhere even though it may not be physically in front of them. The pre-operational stage also links briefly into language along with communication development. This stage frequently happens between the ages of 2-7 years. For the duration of this stage children often begin to use symbolic references in a way to communicate http://voices. yahoo. com/what-factors-contribute-various-areas-development-487563. html child care and education tina bruce

Homer His Life And His Works :: essays research papers

Homer: His Life and His Works Greeks had used writing since c. 1400 BC, but it was not until the late 8th century BC that their literature was first written down. Greek literature began in Ionia with the brilliant epics of Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey. These mature products of a long tradition of oral poetry brought together a vast body of divine and heroic myths and sagas that served as a foundation for much subsequent Greek literature. The epic view of humankind had a lasting influence on Greek thought; indeed, it has been said that later Greek literature is but a series of footnotes to Homer. Homer is said to have been blind and told his stories orally. Because the facts of Homer’s life when he was born or died, where he lived, who he was- remain unknown and shall most likely never be known. Many scholars have doubted the existence of a â€Å"Homer† and point to his texts as the work of a collection of authors over a long period of time. This criticism stems from a disbelief that epics such as The Iliad and The Odyssey could have been formulated, maintained, and transmitted within an oral culture. However, new research on human memory and careful analysis of text reveals evidence that the textual style of each poem does emanate from one author. We know that he wrote two poems about the Greeks and their gods. The Iliad was Homer’s first epic poem, which tells the story of the Trojan War. His second epic is the Odyssey, which tells the story of a great hero Odysseus, and the adventures he embarks on. Tradition has it that he lived in the 12th century BC, around the time of the Trojan War, in an Ionic settlement, either Chios or Smyrna, where he made his living as a court singer and storyteller. Modern archaeological research has uncovered artifacts similar to those described in the poems, providing evidence that Homer wrote at a later date. Because the poems display a considerable knowledge of Eastern, or Ionian, Greece and are written in the dialect of that region, most scholars now suppose that Homer was Ionian of the 8th or 9th century BC. Homer writes nothing of himself in his poems, but similes in the Iliad and the Odyssey frequently make reference to the humble lives of farmers and artisans, so it is sometimes conjectured that Homer was of this class.

Good Health Essay

â€Å"‘Good health implies the achievement of a dynamic balance between individuals or groups and their environment.'† (Better Health Commission 1986, cited in Carey, D., Perraton, G.; Weston, K. 2000: 3). According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), ‘health’ can be defined as the absence of illnesses and a state of mental and social well-being (Carey et al. 2000:3). In other words, in order to maintain optimal health, it is imperative to have a well-balanced lifestyle which would include a nutritious diet as well as mental and social well-being. This essay shows that food is one of the many important factors amongst others when striving to maintain good health. This will be demonstrated by examining the three main aspects affecting an individual’s health, in the following order: diet, lifestyle and social fabric of family and society. Diet is considered as one of the most crucial factors contributing to an individual’s health. However, being aware of what constitutes a good diet as opposed to a poor diet is significant in maintaining optimal health in an individual. A diet that is well-balanced includes more fruit, vegetables, wholegrains and less fatty, salty or sugary foods. This would mean avoiding processed meals from takeaways and eating less refined foods. Several main reasons are commonly given for this. The first of this is a poor diet which has been noted to be a major cause of obesity. Obesity appears to be a major risk factor in many diseases such as colorectal cancer and coronary heart disease. In addition, in recent years the number of diet-related diseases has increased proportionately, and is now one of the major causes of death in most western countries including Australia. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (1987 cited in Australian Consumers’ Association 1991: 6), the most significant causes of mortality in 1986 were cancer and heart disease. An explanation for this could be the steady rise in obesity levels within Australia, with many people eating highly processed foods which are laden with calories (Australian Consumers’ Association 1991: 13). It is therefore critical to eat a nutritively healthy diet, in order to successfully maintain good health and weight. Furthermore, an example supporting the above contention is a study conducted by the Willcox team (2004: 2), which reveals that the Okinawans have one of  the highest rates of longevity and have considerably lower risk towards most diet-related diseases which tend to be more prevalent in the ‘affluent countries’ of the West. The most notable difference in the lifestyle of the Okinawans and the Australians is their food consumption, which is low in calories and rich in fibrous foods such as grains, vegetables and soy. The study also states that such a diet has allowed the Okinawans to refrain from extensive free-radical damage to their body, allowing them to live longer and healthier. This reinforces the idea that nutriment consisting of a variety of wholesome meals rather than processed foods is extremely essential in maintaining health that has a lower predisposition to diseases associated with diet. Another vital factor for maintaining optimal health is lifestyle. Grundy (n.d. cited in Cadzow 1996: 32) states that the continuing trend of deteriorating physical conditions is due to the sedentary lifestyles people tend to keep nowadays. It seems that in several modern cities like Australia, people often succumb to a physically inactive way of life because of the presence of numerous technological devices such as television for entertainment and elevators for convenience. For instance, it is quite common to find staff members in many workplaces choosing to send an e-mail to another office that could be just next door, then actually going down personally (Cadzow 1996:32). As a consequence, many people are not able to burn the amount of kilojoules they consume and are therefore rapidly gaining weight and becoming vulnerable to diet-related diseases, which can radically hinder their health. Comparatively, the centenarians of Okinawa have been noted to keep a particularly active lifestyle, even as they grow older, frequently taking part in strenuous activities such as fishing and farming as evidenced by research conducted by the Willcox team (n.d. cited in King Murdoch 2005: 24). As a result of their late retirements and continuous physical activities, the Okinawans seem to enjoy high rates of longevity and good health as compared to the populations of other countries (Mc Devitt 1999: 59). A further critical element characteristic of a healthy lifestyle is to refrain from smoking and limiting alcohol intake to a minimum to enhance  physical well-being (Melton 2001: 32). Hence, it is evident that staying healthy means keeping active. Various simple activities such as dancing, gardening, or brisk walking help to burn kilojoules whilst at the same time providing enjoyment. Such activities can easily be done by everyone to keep healthy. Finally, social development also plays a fundamental role in promoting and maintaining good health. Perry (1997: 26) notes that the elderly that live with their children and grandchildren gain several positive impacts on their social and mental well-being. These benefits include emotional and physical support from their children along with a close-knit social network, both of which are significant to maintaining good social condition as evidenced by World Health Organisation’s definition of ‘health’. Conversely, the elderly are able to give emotional support to their family members, as well as recommend healthy dietary choices in order to encourage better health which provides mutual benefits to all members of the family, and allows for a dynamic state of wellbeing. Another example highlighting the importance of culture in the maintenance of health is the Okinawan approach to life, which is full or enthusiasm and positive outlooks, which enables strong ‘social integration’. Further evidence in support of this contention includes studies conducted by several researchers in the West, which have revealed that easy going people with optimistic attitudes generally tend to outlive the pessimistic (Melton 2001: 32). In addition to keeping a positive outlook, coping with stress effectively is another important aspect in relation to mental condition. Meditation and spirituality, helps to reinforce the mental as well as social aspect of healthiness, thus increasing the ‘psychospiritual health’. It can therefore be summarised that being cheerful and engaging in social activities promotes better health. In conclusion, it is evident that maintaining optimal health requires consideration of a variety of factors including the type of food consumed, the sort of lifestyle maintained and the existence of an interactive environment. Since all these factors affect the balance of an individual’s health, it is very difficult to say which particular one is more essential than another. Rather, it is the combination of all three dynamic features  that enables the sustainment of a healthy life, without the incidence of diseases because health is a continual journey and the successful blend of physical, mental and social equilibrium is of utmost importance. As summarised by the Wilcox team, â€Å"[T]he issue is not how long we live, it is how well we live.

Is Childhood Behavior Better or Worse Than It Was Years Ago? Essay

Family life compared to a hundred years ago is on the decline. Everyone moves at a fast pace these days. My Father and Mother are working to maintain the home, while my sisters and my brother are left to their own devices and there isn’t a coming together to sit down and communicate on some level. There just doesn’t seem to be enough time in the day. Technology has advanced so much compared to a hundred years ago, that we are well on our way to fuel less cars and robotic companions. Yet, with advanced technology comes the added responsibilities to maintain and seek out other avenues for even far move advanced technologies to help support the life styles we have come accustomed to. Is this then better than before when we were thankful just to have light and running water in the house? Education is by far better today than a hundred years ago! The fields of learning have been opened up to boys and girls equally to seek out far greater possibilities than were even imaginable a hundred years ago. Yet, with this privilege of learning has came a decline in our education system. The lack of adequate teachers, the high rise in disrespect for authority, just the lack of caring whether you learn or not has affected our education system. A hundred years ago the thought of a higher education was just a dream for most. If you acquired a fifth grade reading level you were doing good. Learning was a privilege, and yet today we cast an education around as if it were an article of clothing. While there has been such great strides in our would today compared to a hundred years ago, we have missed out on the carefree, thankfulness, and appreciation of the things and others around us. We take for granted what we hoped to have or even imagined we could have years ago. But now in this generation child behavior is much worse than it was years ago. Disrespect for authority figures. The fault lies with the parents to be sure. We are told to cater to our childrens emotional â€Å"needs† and that coperal puminshment is bad for them. Children require constant training, patience and love – most of todays parents are too busy or selfish to make this kind of investment. If children are allowed to control and manipulate their parents as in the description above, the parent will be helpless to teach that child anything.

Ethiopian Food and Health Essays

Ethiopian Food and Health Essays Ethiopian Food and Health Paper Ethiopian Food and Health Paper Nutrition is the key to a healthy life and the cornerstone of any cultures cooking. If our food lacks nutrition, we get sick and Inevitably parish. This discussion will examine the food types Indigenous to a very misunderstood country In Eastern Africa: Ethiopia. Boasting diverse landscapes filled with rolling hills, great rivers and majestic wild life, Ethiopia is the site of many of the most ancient and famed human fossils ever discovered, and as the worlds oldest surviving continuously-sovereign nation state, is rich in tradition and cuisine. Sadly however, most Americans today associate the country primarily with the devastating famine that ravaged its people In the meld-legless. When I tell someone I am going to an Ethiopians restaurant, I often get a response like, I thought they dont have food, as if for thousands of years the inhabitants of this bountiful country, who filled it with ancient, world-renown monuments, churches and cities, were bereft of sustenance. The idea is absurd, but most of the people who make such statements had their views shaped by media images of famine victims and so have given little thought to the customary dishes of heir land. In the following passages I will endeavor to expose my audience to the cornucopia of creative culinary combinations comprising Ethiopians cuisine and to research providing evidence that the traditional Ethiopians diet meets nutritional requirements and ensures overall health. Ethiopians number-one agricultural resource is cereal grain. Theft, barley, wheat, maize, finger millet, oats, and rice make up 85% of Ethiopians crops. In order from greatest to least, the countrys remaining crop production includes pulses, like beans, lentils, and fenugreek; oilseeds such as inside, sesame, flax and safflower; vegetables Including a variety of cabbages, peppers, Swiss chard and tomato; root crops Like beetroot, carrots, ginger, potato and garlic; fruits such as banana, papaya, guava, avocado, lemons, mango, orange and pineapple, then, finally, coffee, a huge export from Ethiopia and central to a traditional ceremony that is practiced to this day (Agricultural Sample Survey 19). Now that wave covered the fundamental ingredient sources, I will now discuss some major Ethiopians dishes in more detail, starting with the staple of most meals, leaner, a type of flattered traditionally made from theft and millet. The batter Is slightly fermented then cooked on a large skillet too spongy texture similar too crepe. Many Africans traditionally eat in communal settings with many people at one table eating from one main dish. Injure is the base upon which other foods are served and the bread is then torn away piecewise, to be used as a utensil for scooping, dipping or picking up the proteins and vegetables. Traditional Injure is whole grain, and contains calcium, protein and fiber, as well as Iron elf threshed on the ground while the proboscis generated during the brief fermentation aid In digestion. (K) Ethiopia has many economical resources that offer a variety of fruits and vegetables to the memos, a traditional wicker dining table. Fruits that are common to the country are listed above; other fruits are now being cultivated such as good health. Vegetable dishes commonly include tubers, such as white and sweet potatoes, green beans, onion, collards, carrot, garlic, captain peppers and cabbages. Often vegetables are prepared into their own dishes since Christians in the country have over 200 days of fasting from meats. Common vegetarian meals are fossils a green bean, carrot and garlic dish and miser hot, a red lentil and onion tee. Many legumes from chickpeas to yellow splits are prepared into fantastic dishes like mildly spiced kick Alicia and the above-listed miser hot. Chickpeas are pulverize and stewed into shirr (Selling). All of these dishes have fiber-filled complex carbohydrates, vitamin-and-mineral- rich vegetables, and, when grains and legumes are combined, the amino acid profiles qualify as a complete protein source (Carter ). According to recommendations by nutrition and health professionals, it wouldnt be hard to balance a diet using the foods from the lists above in fact the food list is Ideal for optimal health (Madeline lust). The vitamins and minerals in the green bean and carrot dish (egg serving) would fulfill RD ( recommended daily intake) for vitamin A, 25% for K and 50% for C. It also contains 25% of the recommended iron intake and 10% of daily calcium intake to name a few of the health benefits. The garlic in the dish has natural anti-viral, anti- fungal and anti-bacterial properties and is loaded with photo- and microinstructions as well. Yellow splits and other legumes are also packed with nutrition, containing 16. 4 grams of protein, 40 grams of carbohydrates and 16. 3 grams of fiber per cup. Their criterion density measures up strong too: one cup of split peas provides 196 % of the RD, of molybdenum, 56. % of the RD of thyrotrophic, 39 % for manganese, 31. 8 % of the RD of foliate, 24. 7 % of your thiamine, 20. 3 % of your potassium and 19. 4 % of the RD of phosphorous. In addition to these high encountering values, one serving of split peas is an excellent source of 11 amino acids on top of thyrotrophic(e) and provides between 10 and 20 % of the RD of magnesium, iron, zinc and copper. (Thompson) So far were off to a good start nutritionally and we ha ve only talked about how ruts and vegetables are used in Ethiopians dishes. Now lets talk about meats. As in America, Ethiopians farmers often raise livestock, usually sheep, goat, cattle and chickens, for dairy, egg and meat production. A number of dishes are made from lamb for it is their most well-known source of animal protein and a staple in the East African diet (Traditional Food). Concoctions range from Aziza Tips pieces of meat seasoned and pan seared to Saga Watt lamb stewed usually with garlic and white onion. These dishes are lower in fat since the meat is trimmed of fat and cooked in clarified butter or vegetable oil. The results produce colorful and flavor meals fulfilling a days worth of protein requirement in one serving. Kit ground beef served raw or seared is mixed with Collards or other greens a major source of calcium and photo-nutrients. Even the spices in Ethiopians cooking have great benefits. Seasonings made from hot chilies, fenugreek, cumin, ginger and cloves all contain vitamins, and several have been for other potential health benefits (Beebe) We have touched on fruits, vegetables, spices and meats but dairy is also part of the culture. Most households in Ethiopia produce their own cheese and yogurt in- lain non-flavored yogurt. Both are rich in calcium and protein with the yogurt full of proboscis as well. The career and accomplishments of Beebe Bikini give further proof that the food of Ethiopia is both nutritionally sound and functional for extreme-demand energy supply. This man is a world-champion, multiple-Olympic-gold-medal-winning marathon runner who took the world by storm in the early sixties. (Beebe Bikini the Legend) Ethiopia has low rates of stomach and prostate cancer (Heartbreakingly) consistent with the known tendency of diets low in saturated fat and high in fiber to reduce the risk of developing these diseases. The country seems to have average death rates of other cancers, which is impressive because the medical system is very poor. Though malnutrition has claimed many lives in the country, it is not due to any lack of quality in the traditional dishes but mainly to poverty, regional drought and famine, all of which could be at least partly resolved with careful investment in technology. Transportation and irrigation advancements offer very realistic solutions to the lack of crops and food in certain parts of the country. Fish is a good resource and can be harvested from the Nile River and is only now finding its way to market, due to the cent advancements in storage and transportation availability (Ethiopia, Agriculture). The unfortunate truth is that the deaths of 1,000,000, from starvation caused by famine in the mid-eighties have given this country a reputation as barren, depicting the people as skinny, hungry and poor (Famine In Ethiopia). The effects of hunger still exist, but if you were to ask an Ethiopians citizen if everyone is starving to death there, they would scoff at your ignorance. Most people in the more populated cities live much as you or I do in America. They own or rent houses and property, eat on a daily basis, drink coffee and work Jobs. It is true, however, that in certain areas people living in underdeveloped communities at risk due to the local lack of resources. The unfortunate situation is that 35% of Ethiopia is food insecure (WEEP of Ethiopia) but wild edible plants (WEEP) can be the potential key to putting good meals on every table. New research into the indigenous plant life has been finding wild species of edible vegetation in all regions. The results are astounding: 413 edible species have been identified including trees, herbs and climbers with only 233 already used by the people. The study was done to help identify alternatives for when conventional DOD supplies are interrupted but it may also give information encouraging farmers to cultivate plants that are resilient to the regional climate extremes (WEEP of Ethiopia 72). The only problem is that more research is needed to know what combinations of the newly-cataloged Weeps would give the most benefit. For example, Ethiopia has many varieties of wild mushrooms, a staple in some cultures, but more documentation is needed. Many countries have had similar problems and the research has proven WEEP to be of great value in Tanzania, 85 species of edible orchid were discovered. With mom diligent research there could be great relief brought to the Ethiopia via WEEP. (WEEP of Ethiopia 83, 84) life have developed here in America, Ethiopians traditional cuisine is nutritious and fills the requirements for a complete and healthy diet. It supplies whole grains, fibrous fruits and vegetables, lean proteins and healthy fats. An array of these edible plants will give substantial doses of vitamins and minerals. Ethiopians dishes are nutritious and delicious, incorporating a colorful spread of finger foods, and are increasingly enjoyed by people all over the planet, bringing renewed recognition to a ultra that had been left in the dark and which, though often seen as the very face of hunger, has much to teach us about healthy sustenance.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Character Descriptions

A Midsummer Night’s Dream Character Descriptions In William Shakespeares comedy A Midsummer Night’s Dream, characters make countless failed attempts to control fate. Many of the male characters, including Egeus, Oberon, and Theseus, are insecure and characterized by a need for female obedience. The female characters also display insecurity, but resist obeying their male counterparts. These differences emphasize the plays central theme of order versus chaos. Hermia Hermia is a feisty, confident young woman from Athens. She is in love with a man named Lysander, but her father, Egeus, commands her to marry Demetrius instead. Hermia refuses, confidently opposing her father. Despite her self-possession, Hermia is still affected by the whims of fate during the play. Notably, Hermia loses her confidence when Lysander, who is bewitched by a love potion, abandons her in favor of her friend Helena. Hermia also has insecurities, particularly her short stature in contrast to the taller Helena. At one point, she becomes so jealous that she challenges Helena to a fight. Nevertheless, Hermia shows respect for the rules of propriety, as when she insists that her beloved, Lysander, sleep apart from her. Helena Helena is a young woman from Athens and a friend of Hermia. She was betrothed to Demetrius until he left her for Hermia, and she remains desperately in love with him. During the play, both Demetrius and Lysander fall in love with Helena as a result of the love potion. This event reveals the depth of Helena’s inferiority complex. Helena cannot believe both men are actually in love with her; instead, she assumes they are mocking her. When Hermia challenges Helena to a fight, Helena implies that her own fearfulness is an attractive maidenly attribute; however, she also admits that she inhabits a stereotypically masculine role by pursuing Demetrius. Like Hermia, Helena is aware of proprietys rules but willing to break them in order to achieve her romantic goals. Lysander Lysander is a young man from Athens who is in love with Hermia at the start of the play. Egeus, Hermias father, accuses Lysander of â€Å"bewitching the bosom of [his] child† and ignoring that Hermia is betrothed to another man. Despite Lysanders alleged devotion to Hermia, he is no match for Pucks magic love potion. Puck accidentally applies the potion to Lysanders eyes, and as a result Lysander abandons his original love and falls in love with Helena. Lysander is eager to prove himself for Helena and is willing to duel Demetrius for her love. Demetrius Demetrius, a young man from Athens, was previously betrothed to Helena but abandoned her in order to pursue Hermia. He can be brash, rude, and even violent, as when he insults and threatens Helena and provokes Lysander into a duel. Demetrius did originally love Helena, and by the end of the play, he loves her once again, resulting in a harmonious ending. However, it is notable that Demetrius love is rekindled only by magic. Puck Puck is Oberon’s mischievous and merry jester. Technically, he is Oberon’s servant, but he is both unable and unwilling to obey his master. Puck represents the forces of chaos and disorder, challenging the ability of humans and fairies to enact their will. Indeed, Puck himself is no match for the force of chaos. His attempt to use a magic love potion to help Hermia, Helena, Demetrius, and Lysander achieve romantic harmony leads to the central misunderstandings of the play. When he tries to undo his mistake, he causes even greater chaos. Pucks failed attempts to control fate bring about much of the action of the play. Oberon Oberon is the king of the fairies. After witnessing Demetrius’ poor treatment of Helena, Oberon orders Puck to repair the situation through the use of a love potion. In this way, Oberon shows kindness, but he is . He demands obedience from his wife, Titania, and he expresses furious jealousy over Titanias adoption of and love for a young changeling boy. When Titania refuses to give up the boy, Oberon orders Puck to make Titania fall in love with an animal- all because he wishes to embarrass Titania into obedience. Thus, Oberon shows himself to be vulnerable to the same insecurities that provoke the human characters into action. Titania Titania is the queen of the fairies. She recently returned from a trip to India, where she adopted a young changeling boy whose mother died in childbirth. Titania adores the boy and lavishes attention on him, which makes Oberon jealous. When Oberon orders Titania to give up the boy, she refuses, but she is no match for the magic love spell that makes her falls in love with the donkey-headed Bottom. Although we do not witness Titanias eventual decision to hand over the boy, Oberon reports that Titania did so. Theseus Theseus is the king of Athens and a force of order and justice. At the beginning of the play, Theseus recalls his defeat of the Amazons, a society of warlike women who traditionally represent a threat to patriarchal society. Theseus takes pride in his strength. He tells Queen Hippolyta of the Amazons that he â€Å"woo’d [her] with the sword,† erasing Hippolytas claim to masculine power. Theseus only appears at the beginning and end of the play; however, as king of Athens, he is the counterpart of Oberon, reinforcing the contrast between human and fairy, reason and emotion, and ultimately, order and chaos. This balance is investigated and critiqued throughout the play. Hippolyta Hippolyta is the queen of the Amazons and Theseus’ bride. The Amazons are a powerful tribe led by fearsome women warriors, and as their queen, Hippolyta represents a threat to the patriarchal society of Athens. When we first meet Hippolyta, the Amazons have been defeated by Theseus, and the play begins with the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta, an event that represents the victory of order (patriarchal society) over chaos (the Amazons). However, that sense of order is immediately challenged by Hermia’s subsequent disobedience to her father. Egeus Egeus is Hermia’s father. At the start of the play, Egeus is enraged that his daughter will not obey his wishes to marry Demetrius. He turns to King Theseus, encouraging Theseus to invoke the law that a daughter must marry her father’s choice of husband, at penalty of death. Egeus is a demanding father who prioritizes his daughters obedience over his own life. Like many of the plays other characters, Egeus insecurities drive the action of the play. He attempts to connect his perhaps uncontrollable emotions with the orderliness of law, but this reliance on law makes him an inhumane father. Bottom Perhaps the most foolish of the players, Nick Bottom gets wrapped up in the drama between Oberon and Titania. Puck chooses Bottom as the object of Titanias magic-induced love, as per Oberon’s order that she fall in love with an animal of the forest to embarrass her into obedience. Puck mischievously turns his head into that of a donkey, as he decides Bottom’s name alludes to an ass. Players The group of traveling players includes Peter Quince, Nick Bottom, Francis Flute, Robin Starveling, Tom Snout, and Snug. They rehearse the play Pyramus and Thisbe in the woods outside Athens, hoping to perform it for the king’s upcoming wedding. At the end of the play, they give the performance, but they are so foolish and their performance so absurd that the tragedy ends up coming off as a comedy.

The relationship between changing of labor force(total labor number ) Research Paper

The relationship between changing of labor force(total labor number ) and Unemployment rate - Research Paper Example A study by Hornstein defined labor force participation as the number of people who are eligible to work. In many countries, a noted in a study by Meyer, labor force is often calculated monthly. Additionally, the same study indicates that when workforce increases, unemployment declines (Meyer). During the economic recession, the unemployment rate rose rapidly, from approximately 4% in 2007 to 10% in 2009 (Conrad). However, since the economies have been improving, the unemployment rate has been reducing gradually. After four years of the recession, unemployment has been at 7% (Conrad). At the same time, participation in the labor force has been declining steadily over the same time. It now stands at 63%, the same level it was in the 1980s. A study by Elmeskov noted that the decline in the labor force participation indicates that the unemployment rate is going to reduce, but slowly. This means that there is a relationship between labor force and unemployment rate. Economic experts predict that if the labor market improves many people who have left their jobs will return and contribute to the pool of the unemployed. In this case, the number of unemployed persons will reduce, and the labor force participation will increase (Elmeskov). A number of studies have demonstrated an adverse correlation between the unemployment rate and the workforce participation (Boesler; Hornstein; Toossi). The authors of these studies argue that when unemployment rate declines, the labor force participation increases. This paper agrees with these studies because indeed, there is a negative correlation between the unemployment and the labor force participation. A study by Hornstein noted that the potential workforce is categorised into three groups. These are the employed, the unemployed, and the inactive workforce. The inactive workforce is individuals who

Toulmin Model Argument about the Environment Essay

Toulmin Model Argument about the Environment - Essay Example Christianity as a religion has pulled many people who share the faith together, to emphasize on the need of treating the environment with respect. Different Christians have varying interpretations of the Bible; hence some have been reluctant, while others are active in protecting and promoting the works of creation on the environment. These Christians have been spurred by the works and attitude of the creator towards the environment, making them to engage in environmentalist tasks as worship to God, besides the in-church devotion and activities. God himself created every little and big object, he loved and valued his creations. He looked at everything he had made and was satisfied it was indeed good (Gen. 1:31). Just as he loved man, he also loved his creation and moved forward to give man responsibility over the creation, beginning with Adam in the Garden of Eden. His love and goodness extends to all creations, â€Å"he has compassion on all he has made†. Christians who live by emulating the will of God have hence the role to be merciful and gracious to all God’s works (the environment). Christians demonstrate their mindfulness of God by trying the best to take care of the environment and its components as the will of God. There are many environmental injustices taking occurring on the surrounding; reckless deforestation, wildlife destruction and disposal of waste, industrial pollution and other unfriendly human activities to the environments, which are often carried out because of humans’ greed and selfishness. ... His love and goodness extends to all creations, â€Å"he has compassion on all he has made† (Psalms.145: 9). Christians who live by emulating the will of God have hence the role to be merciful and gracious to all God’s works (the environment). Christians demonstrate their mindfulness of God by trying the best to take care of the environment and its components as the will of God. There are many environmental injustices taking occurring on the surrounding; reckless deforestation, wildlife destruction and disposal of waste, industrial pollution and other unfriendly human activities to the environments, which are often carried out because of humans’ greed and selfishness. According to Henderson, the NCC proposed several actions entailing; disposing or recycling of trash properly, minimizing energy consumption, ensuring responsible recreation, reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides and participating in public witnessing on the federal, local, and state level a s ways to live appropriately, while safeguarding the environment (n.d.). These actions would enable man to practice justice and unselfishness in their activities on the environment. Actions Christians Should Take on Environmental Preservation Recycling and disposition The governments have been on the fore front campaigning on reuse of waste materials to minimize the pollution; Christians have a role to play to share the same vision with their authorities and demonstrate the actions to spur others. From the scripture, Hebrews 13: 17, Christians are guided to obey and be submissive to those who rule over them; this gives Christians the joy to work together with their governments for a profitable course. In many societies, people have neglected their responsibilities on caring for the